Solar heating cause water to expand. Near the equator the water is about 8 centimeters high than in middle latitudes. This cause a very slight slope and water wants to flow down the slope. Winds blowing on the surface of the ocean push the water. Friction is the coupling between the wind and the water's surface.
Gravity will tend to pull the water down the "hill" or pile of water against the pressure gradient. But the Coriolis Force intervenes and cause the water to move to the right in the northern hemisphere around the mound of water.
These large mounds of water and the flow around them are called Gyres. The produce large circular currents in all the ocean basins. Note how the North Atlantic Gyre is separated into four distinct. But why doesn't the water spin towards the center of the ocean? Why does it flow around the hill in this circular motion. Bachman, S.
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These currents move water masses through the deep ocean—taking nutrients, oxygen, and heat with them. Occasional events such as huge storms and underwater earthquakes can also trigger serious ocean currents, moving masses of water inland when they reach shallow water and coastlines.
Earthquakes may also trigger rapid downslope movement of water-saturated sediments, creating strong turbidity currents.
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