Lead between the lines. Nature Chem 5, Download citation. Published : 23 September Issue Date : October Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Chemistry Africa Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Subjects Chemical safety General chemistry History of chemistry.
References 1 Mellor, J. Google Scholar 2 Rochow, E. Google Scholar 3 Braun, F. Google Scholar 4 Rogalski, A. Google Scholar Download references. Rights and permissions Reprints and Permissions. About this article Cite this article Acharya, S. Copy to clipboard. Search Search articles by subject, keyword or author. In adults, slow accumulation of lead can result in kidney and nervous system damage, anemia, stroke or cancer, according to Utah State University.
Quan Lu is an associate professor of environmental genetics and pathophysiology at Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health. He is the senior author of a recent study investigating the harmful effects of lead on neural stem cells and children's neurodevelopment. Pb neurotoxicity is determined by intricate interplays between the metal and target neural cells, and there is overwhelming evidence documenting the detrimental effects of Pb in neurons," he told Live Science.
Recent incidences of Pb contamination in drinking water in several U. One of the most notorious cases of lead leaching into drinking water occurred recently in Flint, Michigan. In the meantime, however, they would need to pull water from the Flint River, beginning on April 25, Within weeks, Flint residents began to complain about the smell and color of their tap water.
Tests revealed high levels of E. This chlorination, in addition to the fact that they had not implemented any corrosion protection, caused massive pipe corrosion, allowing lead to leach into the drinking water. In many homes, the levels of lead in the drinking water were far above the Environmental Protection Agency's maximum safety level of 15 parts per billion ppb.
In fact, the water in one home was tested by Virginia Tech researchers as having lead levels at 13, ppb — over three times the level considered to be hazardous waste. Unfortunately, a child living in that home was diagnosed with lead poisoning. Live Science. Traci Pedersen. The pH of the solution is 4. Here it can be seen that the addition of chloride can lower the solubility of lead, however in chloride rich media such as aqua regia the lead can become soluble again as anionic chlorocomplexes.
The Pourbaix diagram on the right is for a moderate concentration 0. Contrary to popular belief, pencil "leads" have never been made from lead. The term comes from the Roman stylus, called the penicillus , which was made of lead. A "lead pipe cinch" is something that is absolutely certain. In the 19th century, a horse saddle was safe when it was well "cinched".
The "lead pipe" qualifier is an obscure "intensifier". A "lead pencil" is a leftover term from when the original pencils were made from the only known deposit of graphite ever to be found in a pure, solid state, in 16th century England. The new material was assumed to be a form of lead. Modern pencils use a marking core made of powdered, refined graphite mixed with clay, as has been the practice for centuries.
Category : Toxicology. Read what you need to know about our industry portal bionity. My watch list my. My watch list My saved searches My saved topics My newsletter Register free of charge. Keep logged in. Cookies deactivated. To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. Login Register. Home Encyclopedia Lead Lead. Additional recommended knowledge. Main article: Lead poisoning. NSW Health. Retrieved on 7 April Queensland Government. Master Painters, Australia.
The geology of the country around Flint. Memoir of the British Geological Survey , Sheet England and Wales. British Geological Survey, Keyworth. LDA International. Freeman ed. Retrieved on International Lead and Zinc Study Group.
New Scientist : ISSN Plan B 2. New York: W. Norton, ISBN New York Times. Remediation of Firing Range Impact Berms. CRC Press. Rooney, Corinne. The Lead Group, incorporated.
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