That plan was accepted by Jewish leaders but rejected by the Arab side and never implemented. In , unable to solve the problem, British rulers left and Jewish leaders declared the creation of the state of Israel. Many Palestinians objected and a war followed.
Troops from neighbouring Arab countries invaded. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians fled or were forced out of their homes in what they call Al Nakba, or the "Catastrophe".
By the time the fighting ended in a ceasefire the following year, Israel controlled most of the territory. Jordan occupied land which became known as the West Bank, and Egypt occupied Gaza. Jerusalem was divided between Israeli forces in the West, and Jordanian forces in the East. Because there was never a peace agreement - with each side blaming the other - there were more wars and fighting in the following decades.
Neither they nor their descendants have been allowed by Israel to return to their homes - Israel says this would overwhelm the country and threaten its existence as a Jewish state. Israel still occupies the West Bank, and although it pulled out of Gaza the UN still regards that piece of land as occupied territory. Israel claims the whole of Jerusalem as its capital, while the Palestinians claim East Jerusalem as the capital of a future Palestinian state.
The US is one of only a handful of countries to recognise the city as Israel's capital. In the past 50 years Israel has built settlements in these areas, where more than , Jews now live. Palestinians say these are illegal under international law and are obstacles to peace, but Israel denies this. Gaza is ruled by the Palestinian militant group Hamas, which has fought Israel many times. Israel and Egypt tightly control Gaza's borders to stop weapons getting to Hamas.
A list of the most popular browsers can be found below. The status of Jerusalem remains one of the most vexed — and volatile — sticking points in efforts to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. After occupying the eastern part of the city in the war of June , Israel annexed the territory, and its political leaders proclaimed the city Israel's "eternal, undivided capital.
Nor is Israel's claim that Jerusalem is its capital city widely recognized. Most foreign nations, including the U. Before the creation of the State of Israel, the newly formed United Nations had, in , voted on a partition plan to divide what was then British-Mandate Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states.
Although that partition map put Jerusalem within the boundaries of the envisaged Palestinian Arab state, it designated Jerusalem and Bethlehem as corpus separatum , under international rule. There were also , Jews living in Jerusalem at the time, and the partition map envisaged an equivalent Arab population in the combined Jerusalem-Bethlehem entity. The leaders of what became Israel indicated acceptance of the partition plan, but it was rejected by Arab leaders, who responded to Israel's declaration of independence the following year by going to war.
The resulting conflict substantially redrew the map, as Israeli forces fought their way to Jerusalem and cleared much of the Palestinian population out of the coastal plain and the Gallilee. Whereas the original partition had allocated 55 percent of the territory to a Jewish state and 45 percent of it to a Palestinian Arab state, the war of put Israel in control of 78 percent of the territory. The remaining 22 percent, comprising Gaza and the West Bank including East Jerusalem , was now controlled by Egypt and Jordan respectively.
Jerusalem remained a divided city, with the holy sites in the eastern part under Jordanian control. Protests have been held in the occupied West Bank and in Arab communities inside Israel.
A series of deadly shootings in the West Bank last week has also heightened tensions. The U. Sections U. Science Technology Business U. Israeli police clashed with Palestinian protesters at a flashpoint Jerusalem holy site on Monday, the latest in a series of confrontations that is pushing the contested city to the brink of eruption. Palestinian medics said at least Palestinians were hurt in the violence at the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound, including 80 who were hospitalized.
Connect with the definitive source for global and local news. The Associated Press. All rights reserved. Jerusalem is a site of major significance for the three largest monotheistic religions: Judaism, Islam and Christianity, and both Israel and Palestine have claimed Jerusalem as a capital city. Because of these strong, age-old associations, bloody conflicts to control the city and sites within it have been waged for thousands of years.
Scholars believe the first human settlements in Jerusalem took place during the Early Bronze Age—somewhere around B. In B. His son, Solomon, built the first holy Temple about 40 years later. The Babylonians occupied Jerusalem in B. Alexander the Great took control of Jerusalem in B. Over the next several hundred years, the city was conquered and ruled by different groups, including the Romans , Persians , Arabs, Fatimids, Seljuk Turks, Crusaders , Egyptians , Mamelukes and Islamists.
Some key events with religious implications that took place in Jerusalem during this period include:. The British controlled the city and surrounding region until Israel became an independent state in Israel controlled the Western portions of it, while Jordan controlled East Jerusalem. This ancient landmark is the holiest place in Judaism.
The site is also the location of the first and second Temples and the spot where many Jewish prophets taught. Christians also believe the site is significant to their faith. Because it has religious and historical implications, occupation of the Temple Mount has been the cause of bitter conflict for centuries, especially between Jews and Muslims living nearby.
But today, the Islamic Waqf governs what happens inside the compound, while Israeli forces control external security. In A. During the Crusades , the Christians turned the landmark into a church. In , Muslims recaptured the Dome of the Rock and re-designated it as a shrine.
Both structures are considered holy to Muslims. The Western Wall is a section of ancient remnant wall from the second Jewish Temple. Each year, millions of Jews from around the world visit the wall. Because Muslims control the Temple Mount the true site of the ancient Temples , the Western Wall is considered the holiest place where Jews can pray.
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